Middle Eastern and Central Asian

Pashto interpreting and translation

Pashto is spoken on both sides of the Afghanistan and Pakistan border. Its main dialects differ clearly in pronunciation, so we match interpreters by region as well as language.

  • Flag of Afghanistan
In its own words

پښتو

Script
Arabic script (Pashto alphabet)
Direction
Right to left
ISO 639-3
pus

Pashto is an Eastern Iranian language, part of the Indo-European family. It was one of the two official languages of Afghanistan under the previous constitution, together with Dari, and is the main language of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and much of northern Balochistan in Pakistan. Large Pashto-speaking communities live in Karachi, the Gulf states, the UK, Europe and North America.

Pashto is usually divided into Southern, Northern and Central Pashto. In everyday terms, speakers distinguish a softer southern speech, centred on Kandahar, from a harder northern speech, centred on Peshawar and the Yusufzai area. The two are easy to tell apart: the same letter ښ is pronounced roughly sh in the south and kh in the north, which is why the language is called Pashto by some speakers and Pakhto by others. Wardak, Waziri and other central and tribal varieties have their own features.

  • Main areas: Afghanistan, Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Federally Administered Tribal Areas)
  • Also used: Pakistan (Balochistan), Afghanistan (Farah, Nimruz, Kabul, Kunduz, Baghlan)

Communities abroad are not shown. Point to an area to see its name.

How we help

Pashto services

SILA Linguists®

Pashto interpreters, Pashto translation and transcription with SILA Linguists®

Pashto is spoken across Afghanistan, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northern Balochistan and Karachi in Pakistan, in the Gulf states and in a large diaspora. SILA Linguists® provides Pashto interpreters, translators and transcribers to asylum and resettlement services, courts, police, healthcare providers and schools in Britain and Ireland, Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. The southern speech of Kandahar is softer and the northern speech of Peshawar harder, which is why some say Pashto and others Pakhto. We always ask for the person's province or district.

Pashto interpreting services for detailed testimony

A Kandahari speaker and someone from Peshawar understand each other, but accent and vocabulary differences can cause errors in a witness statement or a substantive asylum interview. We match the variety, including Wardak, Waziri and other central and tribal speech where needed. Many Afghan Pashtuns also speak Dari and many Pakistani Pashtuns speak Urdu; we ask which language the client prefers rather than assuming.

Face-to-face Pashto interpreting covers Home Office interviews, tribunals, police custody, probation meetings, courts, hospitals, mental health services and age assessments. When a duty solicitor needs Pashto at three in the morning, our telephone line answers, and video calls can be joined on the SILA Linguists® app or on Teams or Zoom. Gender-matched Pashto interpreters are often preferred, particularly for healthcare and interviews with women, and we arrange this at booking.

Pashto translation and certified translation

Pashto is written right to left with letters not found in Farsi or Arabic, such as ټ, ډ, ړ, ښ and ږ, and spelling differs slightly between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Afghan documents use the Solar Hijri calendar, or, in some recent documents, the lunar Hijri calendar, while Pakistani documents use Gregorian dates and are usually in Urdu or English, so we check the actual language of each document first.

We translate tazkiras, civil and court documents, school records, medical letters and witness statements, and each certified Pashto translation carries a signed declaration of accuracy, accepted by UK authorities such as Home Office caseworkers, judges and admissions teams, and by HR departments. Afghan and Pakistani papers for American files carry a certificate of accuracy, and Canadian authorities can receive a provincially certified translation. Into Pashto, we prepare health information, safeguarding guidance and resettlement material.

Pashto transcription and LADO

Police interviews, intercepted calls, voice notes and research interviews are set down word for word in Pashto, time-coded and rendered into English, with any Dari or Urdu passages labelled. If a decision maker doubts whether someone grew up in Nangarhar or in Peshawar, SILA Linguists® can arrange a LADO report on their Pashto.

Sectors we support in Pashto

Our vetted, trained and qualified Pashto linguists can support asylum and resettlement services, solicitors, police and probation, the NHS, mental health teams, children's services, schools and refugee charities. Our Pashto desk keeps track of every case, linguists are vetted and sign non-disclosure agreements, and personal information is processed under UK GDPR. Pashto interpreting is available to immigration courts and attorneys in the US, refugee proceedings in Canada, and hospitals and resettlement teams in both.

Good to know

Working with Pashto

Interpreting

  • Give us the person's province or district. A Kandahari speaker and someone from Peshawar will understand each other, but differences in accent and vocabulary can cause errors in detailed testimony.
  • Many Pashto speakers from Afghanistan also speak Dari, and many from Pakistan also speak Urdu. Some will prefer Pashto and others another language, so ask them.
  • Gender-matched interpreters are often preferred, particularly for healthcare and for interviews with women. Please tell us at booking.
  • Pashto interpreting is available face to face, by video and by telephone. We also provide LADO for Pashto speakers.
  • Pashto speech is rich in proverbs and in terms linked to Pashtun customary practice, such as hospitality and honour. Interpreters explain these terms when needed, without adding opinion or commentary.

Translation

  • Pashto is written right to left in an extended Arabic-based alphabet with letters not found in Farsi or Arabic, such as ټ, ډ, ړ, ښ and ږ. Fonts and keyboards must support these. Spelling conventions differ slightly between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
  • Afghan documents use the Solar Hijri calendar, or in some recent cases the lunar Hijri calendar, while Pakistani documents use the Gregorian calendar and are usually in Urdu or English rather than Pashto. Check the actual language of each document before booking translation.
  • Certified translations of Pashto documents are accepted by UK authorities including the Home Office, the courts and universities, and by international bodies. Where a document is needed in the United States or Canada, we arrange the certification the receiving authority expects. For US immigration authorities that is a translator's certificate of accuracy; in Canada it is a translator certified by a provincial association.
Related languages

Pashto and its neighbours

Choose a language to see its page. Getting the right variety matters: tell us the region or dialect if you know it.

  • Asylum and immigration
  • Resettlement and refugee support
  • Courts, police and probation
  • Healthcare
  • Education and age assessment
  • LADO
Get in touch

Need a Pashto interpreter or translator?

Our bookings team will confirm the details with you and arrange the right linguist. Have the language (and dialect, if you know it), the type of assignment and the date ready.

Call our bookings team+44 (0)333 339 8218
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